Most Iraqis favor continued control by a national company and the powerful oil workers union strongly opposes de-nationalization. Although the Iraqi cabinet endorsed the draft law in July 2007, Parliament has balked at the legislation. The US has threatened to withhold funding as well as financial and military support if the law does not soon pass. But first the Parliament must pass a new oil sector investment law allowing foreign companies to assume a major role in the country. Negotiators hope soon to complete deals on Production Sharing Agreements that will give the companies control over dozens of fields, including the fabled super-giant Majnoon. The Iraqi constitution of 2005, greatly influenced by US advisors, contains language that guarantees a major role for foreign companies. In the new setting, with Washington running the show, "friendly" companies expect to gain most of the lucrative oil deals that will be worth hundreds of billions of dollars in profits in the coming decades. Since the invasion and occupation of Iraq in 2003, much has changed.
But UN sanctions (kept in place by the US and the UK) kept those contracts inoperable. During the final years of the Saddam era, they envied companies from France, Russia, China, and elsewhere, who had obtained major contracts. The four giant firms located in the US and the UK have been keen to get back into Iraq, from which they were excluded with the nationalization of 1972. According to oil industry experts, new exploration will probably raise Iraq's reserves to 200+ billion barrels of high-grade crude, extraordinarily cheap to produce. Iraq has the world's second largest proven oil reserves.